Climate and Earth system modelling is the use of mathematical representations of key components and properties of the atmosphere, ocean and biosphere to construct computer models. These models – which ...

Earth system models (ESMs) integrate the interactions of atmosphere, ocean, land, ice, and biosphere to estimate the state of ...

Earth's natural systems face mounting pressures, with seven of nine planetary boundaries now breached. The Planetary Health ...

Atmospheric circulation governs weather and climate, but it also carries angular momentum. When winds shift or mass ...

planetary boundaries — vital for preserving the safe operating space for humanity — are transgressed and heading further into ...

The scientific evidence for human-caused global warming is stronger than ever, according to a major new review in Earth’s ...

Earth's life support systems are failing, scientists have warned - as seven out of nine planetary boundaries have now been ...

Decades of independent observations and improved methods strengthen the evidence that greenhouse gases are changing Earth’s ...

Earth's climate has swung between ice ages and warmer periods for millions of years, driven by subtle changes in our planet's orbit and axial tilt. These variations, known as Milankovitch cycles, ...

NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies has released ModelE2.1-CC2, a fully interactive Earth system model with upgraded ...

Throughout the summer, we’ll be republishing some of our favorite stories and videos from the past year. This week, we feature four profiles of AI research. Anyone who’s been caught in a storm without ...

A new iScience analysis of fifteen climate response options shows that governance coherence, justice safeguards, and ...